• Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective estrog

  2022-01-28

  

  Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective estrogen receptor mediator (SERM) in premenopausal women suffering from estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast carcinomas [15]. Although this therapy has been proven very successful, about 20–30% of ER+ breast tumors will not respond, or acquire

• br STAR Methods br Introduction Glycosylation is one of

  2022-01-28

  

  STAR★Methods Introduction Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of proteins. It not only plays major roles in folding, transport and localization of proteins [1], but also regulates various biological processes such as cell growth, viral replication and im

• br STAR Methods br Introduction Glycosylation is one of

  2022-01-28

  

  STAR★Methods Introduction Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of proteins. It not only plays major roles in folding, transport and localization of proteins [1], but also regulates various biological processes such as cell growth, viral replication and im

• br Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role

  2022-01-28

  

  Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino amc 7 calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These include transcription

• Because AM had limited efficacy on rodent GPR we

  2022-01-28

  

  Because (AM-3189) had limited efficacy on rodent GPR40, we used two rodent models expressing human GPR40 to demonstrate efficacy of (AM-3189). First, we used human islet transplanted nude mice. In this model, endogenous pancreatic β-cells were ablated using streptozotocin, and mice were rescued to

• k j and d were then submitted to metabolic

  2022-01-28

  

  15k, 15j and 14d, were then submitted to metabolic stability studies in human and mouse liver microsomes and permeability test with Caco-2 cells (Table 7). 15k, 15j and 14d all retained excellent permeability (Papp value greater than 15.2 × 10−6 cm/s) and displayed modestly improved metabolic stabil

• Nano SiO was a kind of versatile material

  2022-01-28

  

  Nano-SiO2 was a kind of versatile material for enzyme immobilization because of its excellent properties, including low cost, lack of toxicity, high stability, large specific surface area and high biocompatibility [10]. After the immobilization on nano-SiO2, the selectivity of enzymatic reactions wo

• br Glucose metabolism and diet Glucokinase is essential

  2022-01-28

  

  Glucose metabolism and diet Glucokinase is essential for sensing blood glucose levels, thus controls metabolism (Iynedjian, 1993, Iynedjian, 2009, Postic et al., 2001, Agius, 2008). Loss of glucokinase activity in humans and mice leads to diabetes (Printz et al., 1993b, Postic et al., 2001, Agius

• Enhancer of zeste homolog EZH which functions as

  2022-01-27

  

  Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which functions as a methyltransferase, is a critical subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which has been demonstrated to be involved in the development of the BAMB-4 [23]. Aberrant expression of EZH2 has been found to be associated with a variety of h

• With the aim to identify potential novel targets in

  2022-01-27

  

  With the aim to identify potential novel targets in CVD, we applied proteome analyses on vascular tissue of these frequently used mouse models of atherosclerotic disease in the presence and/or absence of diabetes. Potential targets for intervention identified with this approach were validated in hum

• Hippo signaling is unique in that it does

  2022-01-27

  

  Hippo signaling is unique in that it does not possess a cognate ligand and receptor system. Instead, numerous upstream sensors that monitor cell morphology, cell polarity, cell-cell contact, and mechanical stress impinge onto the Hippo pathway core kinases, MST, and LATS. This in turn indicates the

• Bile acids synthesized in the

  2022-01-27

  

  Bile acids synthesized in the liver are secreted into the intestinal tract to facilitate the digestion and AZD1390 of nutrients. Most bile acids are reabsorbed by the ileum and are transported back to the liver via the portal blood circulation. Recently, bile acids have also been considered as hepa

• Consideration must be given to both the tissues themselves

  2022-01-27

  

  Consideration must be given to both the tissues themselves and to infiltrating immune cells. As highlighted by Maxwell and Eckardt [88], clinical trials of compounds targeting these pathways will require large numbers of participants and prolonged follow-up to identify rare and late complications or

• The Rab to Rab switch on endosomes co occurs with

  2022-01-27

  

  The Rab5 to Rab7 switch on endosomes co-occurs with the release of the Rab5 GEF Rabex5 from endosomes, which prevents further Rab5 activation [5]. In addition, the Rab5 GAP is recruited to inactivate remaining Rab5 [67]. Recent data suggest that another GAP, TBC1D5, which binds the retromer complex,

• Although historically the two ROCK isoforms have been viewed

  2022-01-27

  

  Although historically, the two ROCK isoforms have been viewed as redundant, recent observations show that the two isoforms of ROCK might have different functions (Newell-Litwa et al., 2015). Knockdown of ROCK1 was found to result in cell rounding and a decrease in cell size while cells with knockdow

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